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Socio-economic Impacts of COVID-19 in Woldia City, North Wollo Zone, Amhara Region, Ethiopia
Alemayehu Amsalu Alen,
Gashu Workneh Kassie,
Tawechew Guadea Meberatu
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 3, September 2021
Pages:
42-48
Received:
23 July 2021
Accepted:
6 August 2021
Published:
11 August 2021
Abstract: The global novel corona virus diseases COVID-19 pandemic was socio-economic crisis in all aspects of the human life. The impact of COVID-19 reflects our best collective available evidence, knowledge and expertise of the scale, nature and depth of socio-economic impacts in the country. We offer this as contribution to the expanding knowledge base on this critical issue, acknowledging and drawing upon the work of the government of Ethiopia, academic experts, development partners and consultants on this issue. Analysis of socio-economic impacts of COVID-19 and to identify factors affecting socio-economic impacts of COVID-19 in Woldia city from the human beings. A Cross-sectional data was carried out between November and December 2020 in Woldia city from Ethiopia. A total of 383 samples using simple random sampling were interviewed. The binary logistic regression was applied to identify the effect of predictor variables on socio-economic impacts of COVID-19. According to the results in the study, 79.11% have and 20.89% have not socio-economic impacts of COVID-19 respondents have been involved respectively. The ages more than 15 was influenced in this study. From results age, challenges, family size, psychological impact and marital status were significantly affects COVID-19. The overall socio-economic impacts of COVID-19 in this study were critical issue. The study strongly suggests that more could be done to assure socio-economic impacts of COVID- 19 provided were more carefulness.
Abstract: The global novel corona virus diseases COVID-19 pandemic was socio-economic crisis in all aspects of the human life. The impact of COVID-19 reflects our best collective available evidence, knowledge and expertise of the scale, nature and depth of socio-economic impacts in the country. We offer this as contribution to the expanding knowledge base on...
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Impact of Board Composition on Financial Performance of Commercial Banks in Ethiopia
Addisu Gemeda Edeti,
Mahesh Chand Garg
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 3, September 2021
Pages:
49-56
Received:
3 July 2021
Accepted:
27 July 2021
Published:
18 August 2021
Abstract: The major objective of the present study is to examine the impact of internal and external board composition on financial performance of commercial banks in Ethiopia. The samples selected for the present study are twelve commercial banks based on ten years financial report for the period of 2009-2018. Both primary and secondary data collection methods employed for the study. Primary data for corporate governance (board compassion) which is independent variable and secondary data for bank financial performance Return on Asset (ROA), Return on Equity (ROE), and Net Interest Margin (NIM) dependent variables of the present study. Explanatory type of study with a quantitative approach was employed to analyze the collected data. Both descriptive and econometric analyses are used for the current study. Descriptive analysis includes mean, maximum, minimum, and standard deviation, whereas, econometric model includes correlation and regression analysis. Fixed effect and random effect econometric analysis has been made using Eviews-9 Software. The present study shows that there is a linear relationship between board compassion (independent variable) and commercial banks financial performance as measured by Return on Assets (ROA). From this, the researcher reveals that there is a positive and statistically significant relationship between board composition and Return on Assets (ROA). There is negative and statistically insignificant relationship between board composition and Return on Equity (ROE) of commercial banks in Ethiopia. Board Composition is negatively correlated with Net Interest Margin (NIM) and statistically significant at 5 % level of significant. The present study concludes that the higher the board composition leads to better financial performance as measured by Return on Assets (ROA), but in contrarily the higher the board composition of commercial banks in Ethiopia decreases the financial performance as measured by Return on Equity (ROE) and Net Interest Margin (NIM).
Abstract: The major objective of the present study is to examine the impact of internal and external board composition on financial performance of commercial banks in Ethiopia. The samples selected for the present study are twelve commercial banks based on ten years financial report for the period of 2009-2018. Both primary and secondary data collection meth...
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Impact of Inflation on Labour Productivity in Sri Lanka
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 3, September 2021
Pages:
57-70
Received:
29 July 2021
Accepted:
12 August 2021
Published:
19 August 2021
Abstract: Inflation and labour productivity has been a longstanding research interest in developed and industrialized countries compared to developing countries, showing the importance of concept related to efficiency and competitiveness when the economies are growing. Capacity of the economy in Sri Lanka doubled within six years during the period from 2006 to 2012. However, aging populations, raising dependency ratio, lower labour force participation rate, are emphasized as labour force related problems that required to address. Further Sri Lanka has been identified as a country that stuck in middle income trap for a long period of time due to less economic diversification, inelastic and inefficient labour market. In these context, educational reforms to address the skills and knowledge gap in labour market demand and supply, improvement in labour productivity and efficiency-based productivity, are identified to overcome the challenges. This study explores the impact of inflation on labour productivity in Sri Lanka during the period from 2006 to 2020 by employing, univariate Vector Auto Regression model for secondary, monthly seasonally adjusted data. Model was estimated subject to conducting basic test to check unit root and cointegration of the variables. Lag order 16th for the model, was selected subject to lag length criteria, significant of the lag exclusion test, stability test and residual tests to consider the appropriateness of the model. As per the dynamic analysis of the results, labour productivity is strongly impacted by variable itself. Accordingly, previous period realization of labour productivity is associated to increase labour productivity in current period significantly by 0.54 per cent. Further, there is a negative relationship between inflation and labour productivity in short run. Accordingly, one percent increase of inflation in previous two months, are associated to decrease labour productivity by 0.014 and 0.324 on average ceteris paribus. Inverse relationship between variables is supported with the findings in empirical evidences. As per variance decompositions, labour productivity and inflation are forecasted by itself. Therefore, labour productivity and inflation are identified as strongly endogenous and strongly exogenous variables respectively. No granger causality relationships are existed between variables. Negative relationship between inflation and labour productivity is identified that imply, inflation can be effectively used in achieving higher labour productivity. Therefore, suggestions are made to keep a lower level, single digit inflation in enhancing labour productivity.
Abstract: Inflation and labour productivity has been a longstanding research interest in developed and industrialized countries compared to developing countries, showing the importance of concept related to efficiency and competitiveness when the economies are growing. Capacity of the economy in Sri Lanka doubled within six years during the period from 2006 ...
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Chicken Production, Marketing Status, Constraints and Opportunities in Tero-Afta District of Jimma Zone, South West Ethiopia
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 3, September 2021
Pages:
71-75
Received:
24 July 2021
Accepted:
12 August 2021
Published:
24 August 2021
Abstract: Poultry is the largest group of livestock species in the world in which chickens largely dominate the flock composition. The poultry sector in Ethiopia can be characterized into three major production systems based on selected parameters like breed, flock size, housing, feeding, health, technology, bio-security and others. Though This observations focused on a complete 120 families had been decided on and personally interviewed to gather the facts. The data have been analyzed by use of the statistical package (SPSS). the primary constraints detects village chicken production inside the observe location had been sickness, predators, loss of proper fitness care, bad feeding, housing, poor watering, and shortage of marketplace access replacement of indigenous chickens by means of exceptional hen breeds is also found inflicting dilution of the indigenous genetic assets. Newcastle disorder (NCD) changed into identified as economically essential fitness constraint that hinders chicken production and productiveness within the take a look at location. The results indicates that inappropriate coping with of chicken and a lack of Agricultural extension service (47%), loss of production substances (35.3%), the hazard of predators (16.7%) and fear of theft (10%), housing troubles, Lacks infrastructure, low supply of logistics which includes transportation, failure to mobilize the network, Lacks incents for exceptional sports, low supply of logistics which include transportation, failure to mobilize the network, Lacks incents for special activities.
Abstract: Poultry is the largest group of livestock species in the world in which chickens largely dominate the flock composition. The poultry sector in Ethiopia can be characterized into three major production systems based on selected parameters like breed, flock size, housing, feeding, health, technology, bio-security and others. Though This observations ...
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Effect of Social Media and Situational Variations on Consumers Brand Preference: Empirical Evidence from Beer Brands in Nekemte Town
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 3, September 2021
Pages:
76-84
Received:
28 June 2021
Accepted:
19 July 2021
Published:
24 August 2021
Abstract: Now a day’s marketers try to increase customer preference for brands and try to prevent competition from taking over the minds of these acquired customers. This study aims to examine the effect of social media and situational factors on consumer preference for beer product brands in Nekemte Town. This study adopted explanatory research design supported with deductive research approach. The population of the study was comprised of beer consumers in the town. Convenience and purposive sampling techniques were used to trace the final respondents. The five-point Likert scale structured questionnaire was used to collect data from 351 respondents. Correlation and regression analysis techniques were employed to calculate the magnitude of association among the study variables and determine the percentage of changes in brand preferences caused by the explanatory variables. The finding from the association analysis reveals that the explanatory variables were statistically significant and associated with the brand preference of consumers for beer products. Similarly, the finding from the causation analysis reveals that predictive factors such as situational variations and social media were statistically significant, and their coefficient of determination (R2) is equal to 0.626, which indicates that 62.6% of the variation that occurred in the consumer’s perception of beer brands explained by the model. Based on these findings, the researcher suggest that beer producers who want to stay ahead of the competition should consider changes in the context of consumer preferences, and should adopt social media promotion strategies appropriately emphasizing awareness and leaving a positive impression on their pages; in order to increase consumer preference for the company's beer brand and improve its positioning.
Abstract: Now a day’s marketers try to increase customer preference for brands and try to prevent competition from taking over the minds of these acquired customers. This study aims to examine the effect of social media and situational factors on consumer preference for beer product brands in Nekemte Town. This study adopted explanatory research design suppo...
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Factors Affecting Household Food Security in Gumay Woreda of Jimma Zone of Oromia, Ethiopia
Debeli Chala Biyena,
Hailu Wondu,
Befkadu Mewded
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 3, September 2021
Pages:
85-93
Received:
17 July 2021
Accepted:
12 August 2021
Published:
24 August 2021
Abstract: This study is focused on factors affecting household food security in Gumay woreda, Jimma zone, Oromia regional state, Ethiopia. The problem of food security is one the challenges that farmers in the study area deal with. The general objective of the study is to assess factors affecting households to food security in the study area. Both secondary and primary data were used for the study. The study was based on the survey of a total of 72 households randomly selected using three-stage sampling techniques; purposive sampling, stratified sampling and systematic sampling. Analytical tools used include descriptive statistics and econometrics model. The total household expenditure per adult equivalent is taken to compute proxy indicator of food security. The findings revealed that about 72.22% and 22.78% of farmers in the woreda were food secure and food insecure respectively. Logistic model analysis result showed age, cultivated land, improved seed, fertilizer and tropical livestock units were the major factors positively and significantly influence food security status. The findings suggest the following set of policy recommendation. Identifying and understanding factors that are responsible for household’s food security status and its determinants is important to combat food security problems at the household level. The study findings suggest that in selecting priority intervention areas, the food security strategy should consider statistically significant variables as the most important areas.
Abstract: This study is focused on factors affecting household food security in Gumay woreda, Jimma zone, Oromia regional state, Ethiopia. The problem of food security is one the challenges that farmers in the study area deal with. The general objective of the study is to assess factors affecting households to food security in the study area. Both secondary ...
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A Study on the Relationship Between Group Citizenship Behavior and Service Innovation Performance
Huang Ying,
Chen Chunni,
Wang Jing
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 3, September 2021
Pages:
94-102
Received:
31 July 2021
Accepted:
24 August 2021
Published:
30 August 2021
Abstract: Service innovation is a fundamental method for service enterprises to enhance dynamic capability in building core competitive advantage and achieving sustained growth as well. The improvement of service innovation performance requires enterprises to have more open cooperation vision, and flexible coordination mechanism as well. More focuses have steadily changed from the traditional machine-driven standardized process to flexible talent development of work teams, especially the improvement of their service innovation performance. It requires groups to show more team spirit, as well as mutual sharing behavior, which is beyond duty and not for the purpose of commendation. Based on the mediating effect of organizational commitment and knowledge sharing, this paper explored the effect of group citizenship behavior on service innovation performance in Chinese context. With a sample of 498 employees of enterprises in China, this paper explored the relationship between group citizenship behavior, service innovation performance, organizational commitment and knowledge sharing by constructing a structural equation model. The results showed that organizational commitment and knowledge sharing played a partial mediating role between group citizenship behavior and service innovation performance. It is recommended to establish the employee centered enterprise culture and regulations; foster an open atmosphere which is conducive to communication and innovation; establish a fair and effective incentive distribution system; establish a diversified knowledge sharing effective incentive system and give full play to the role of learning organization.
Abstract: Service innovation is a fundamental method for service enterprises to enhance dynamic capability in building core competitive advantage and achieving sustained growth as well. The improvement of service innovation performance requires enterprises to have more open cooperation vision, and flexible coordination mechanism as well. More focuses have st...
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Designing a Leader-like Culture: The Role of Corporate Soul Searching
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 3, September 2021
Pages:
103-108
Received:
17 October 2020
Accepted:
9 November 2020
Published:
31 August 2021
Abstract: Many organizations unknowingly struggle with performance because of the incongruence between espoused and actual corporate values. When this occurs, the culture is underdeveloped and perpetuates misaligned actions. This is often a root cause of performance issues. Therefore, investments in culture analysis and development can reap profound rewards in achieving systemic change that leads to organizational success. Backed by leadership and organizational theory, the article outlines how executives and key partners can embark on an intentional process of defining and fostering the right culture. Culture should be embedded into any corporate strategic planning endeavor as it requires ongoing intentionality. It is recommended that external partners be engaged to provide guidance in this process because the needed structure and objectivity is less likely to occur when executed by internal stakeholders who are influenced by organizational power dynamics and politics. Executives however, are the key stakeholders of any culture-forming process as they are responsible for defining, role-modeling, and rewarding key behaviors. The process also includes Corporate Soul Searching (CSS) whereby values and actions are defined, followed by reinforcing structures, accountability systems, and ongoing cultural assessment. All of these elements must be aligned to yield a leader-like culture. Outcomes of this process include strong employee engagement and a clear values system synchronized with mission and strategy.
Abstract: Many organizations unknowingly struggle with performance because of the incongruence between espoused and actual corporate values. When this occurs, the culture is underdeveloped and perpetuates misaligned actions. This is often a root cause of performance issues. Therefore, investments in culture analysis and development can reap profound rewards ...
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A Study on the Evolution Characteristics and Key Drivers of Urban Entrepreneurial Ecosystem: From the Perspective of Complexity Science
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 3, September 2021
Pages:
109-120
Received:
27 August 2021
Accepted:
8 September 2021
Published:
23 September 2021
Abstract: Entrepreneurial activity is a typical complex social system with significant regional heterogeneity. Most of the existing studies focus on explaining a certain aspect of entrepreneurial activities or exploring the extent to which regional entrepreneurial activities promote regional economic growth. However, examining regional entrepreneurial activities from a systematic rather than fragmented perspective may be able to reflect their internal and external quality more comprehensively and accurately. The purpose of this paper is to study the key factors affecting the quality of entrepreneurial activities in large Chinese cities based on the theories of "Entrepreneurial Ecosystem" and "Complexity System", and put forward corresponding recommendation on policy design and policy implementation. Based on a systematic review of studies on city-level entrepreneurial ecosystems and the application of complexity science in entrepreneurial research, The Urban Entrepreneurship Ecosystem Index (UEEI) system is constructed, which consists of three dimensions of synergy, emergence and phase change, 10 first-level indicators and 40 second-level indicators. The cross-section data of 2018 are used to make quantitative analysis on China's top ten quasi-first-tier cities such as Wuhan and Chengdu. The results show that the urban entrepreneurial ecosystem is characterized by coordination, emergence and phase transformation, and the more balanced the three characteristics are, the higher the quality of the urban entrepreneurial ecosystem will be. In terms of specific indicators, employment, technological innovation and education are the key order parameters, and the performance of a key order parameter is particularly excellent, which is a common characteristic of high-quality urban entrepreneurial ecosystem.
Abstract: Entrepreneurial activity is a typical complex social system with significant regional heterogeneity. Most of the existing studies focus on explaining a certain aspect of entrepreneurial activities or exploring the extent to which regional entrepreneurial activities promote regional economic growth. However, examining regional entrepreneurial activi...
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